学术论文是“八股文”。读多了,自然就知道怎么写,包括引言。作为“过来人(physical oceanographer, numerical modeler to be more specific)”和“旁观者(English editor)”,我提议:
1、讲清楚这项研究的重要性(不仅仅为了养家糊口,虽然养家糊口非常重要)。
(I did not make this up. I asked an author why his new study focused on the Xxx Sea, which was missing from his manuscript. He said he did not know how to answer my question.)
2、回顾已经发表的代表作。这点非常重要,一是尊重历史,二是说明你不是门外汉。
点评过去的工作(那些已经发表的文章)时,需要有条有理(logic flow)。(How do you arrange 20 papers cited? Hint: use an outline.)
另外,哪怕是昨天刚刚发表的文章,引用时也应该用过去时态。
· 栗子:Zhang et al. (2018) noted changes of sea surface temperature in the South China Sea during the past 50 years.
· 旁白:上面这个句子涉及两组副词(in the South China Sea 和during the past 50 years)。谁先谁后,看具体情况。语言,有时候可以“讲道理”。难就难在有时(常常?)“没有道理可讲”,需要凭(拼?)语感。语感从哪里来呢?我只知道一个办法:多读!(除非你是天生的,也就是你妈妈怀你的时候,正好在上英语强化班。我的语感可能来自我妈妈。)
· 栗子:Zhang et al. (2018) noted upper-ocean temperature variability during the past 50 years in the South China Sea.
· 旁白: 希望你也认为上面的栗子中 during the past 50 years应该出现在in the South China Sea 前面。我用upper-ocean,你可以用upper ocean (不加“-”)。这里没有对与错。唯一的标准是“前后一致”(be consistent)。