力学领域新的研究方向（英文）

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作者：
Michael E. Kassner a,1, Sia Nemat-Nasser b,*,1, Zhigang Suo c,1, Gang Bao d,2,
J. Charles Barbour e,2, L. Catherine Brinson f,2, Horacio Espinosa f,2,
Huajian Gao g,2, Steve Granick h,2, Peter Gumbsch i,2, Kyung-Suk Kim j,2,
Wolfgang Knauss k,2, Ladislas Kubin l,2, James Langer m,2, Ben C. Larson n,2,
L. Mahadevan c,2, Arun Majumdar o,2, Salvatore Torquato p,2,
Frank van Swol q,2
a Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, 430 Olin Hall, University of Southern California, Los Angeles,
CA 90089-1453, USA
b Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials, University of California,
San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0416, USA
c Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall, 29 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
d Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0535, USA
e Department of Nanostructure and Semiconductor Physics, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185-1415, USA
f Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3111, USA
g Max-Planck-Institut fur Metallforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
h Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, 106 Materials Research Laboratory,
104 South Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
i Fraunhofer-Institut for Material Mechanics IWM, Freilburg, and Institute for Reliability of Construction,
Units and Systems, University of Karlsruhe, Germany
j Division of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
k GALCIT, Mail code 105-50, 1201 E. California Blvd. California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
l Laboratoire d’Etude des Microstructures, 29 An. De la Division Leclerc, CNRS/ONERA, BP 72 Chatillon, CEDEX 92322, France
m Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA
n Solid State Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Room M203, Bldg, 3025 Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
o Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 6185 Etcheverry, Berkeley, CA 94720-1740, USA
p Department of Chemistry and Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University, Prospect Avenue, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
q Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, Advanced Materials Laboratory, 1001 University Blvd. SE,
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA

摘要：
The Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering of the US Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored a workshop to identify cutting-edge research needs and pportunities, enabled by the application of theoretical and applied mechanics.
The workshop also included input from biochemical, surface science, and omputational disciplines, on approaching scientific issues at the nanoscale, and the linkage of atomistic-scale with nano-, meso-, and continuum-scale mechanics. This paper is a summary of the outcome of the workshop, consisting of three main sections, each put
together by a team of workshop participants.
Section 1 addresses research opportunities that can be realized by the application of mechanics fundamentals to the general area of self-assembly, directed self-assembly, and fluidics. Section 2 examines the role of mechanics in biological, bioinspired, and biohybrid material systems, closely relating to and complementing the material covered in Section 1. In this manner, it was made clear that mechanics plays a fundamental role in understanding the biological functions at all scales, in seeking to utilize biology and biological techniques to develop new materials and devices, and in the general area of bionanotechnology. While direct observational investigations are an essential ngredient of new discoveries and will continue to open new exciting research doors, it is the basic need for controlled experimentation and fundamentally-based modeling and computational simulations that will be truly empowered by a systematic use of the fundamentals of mechanics.
Section 3 brings into focus new challenging issues in inelastic deformation and fracturing of materials that have emerged as a result of the development of nanodevices, biopolymers, and hybrid bio–abio systems.
Each section begins with some introductory overview comments, and then provides illustrative examples that were presented at the workshop and which are believed to highlight the enabling research areas and, particularly, the impact that mechanics can make in enhancing the fundamental understanding that can lead to new technologies.

2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.